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João Lourenço Rebelo, or João Soares Rebelo (1610 – 16 November 1665) was the only Portuguese composer to adopt the Venetian polychoral style.〔Paul van Nevel, ''João Lourenço Rebelo and the Portuguese Polyphony of the first half of the seventeenth century'', 1992, p.9〕 Despite his closeness to the king John IV of Portugal (1603–1656), and despite what is traditionally said, Rebelo never held any office in the royal household. ==Life== Rebelo was born in Caminha in 1610, son of João Soares Pereira and Maria Lourenço Rebelo.〔http://www.caminha2000.com/jornal/n516/cmcg.html〕 In 1624, became a choir boy at the Ducal Palace of Vila Viçosa, while his older brother, Father Marcos Soares Pereira (?-1655) was admitted as chaplain-singer.〔http://ecultura.sapo.pt/DestaqueCulturalDisplay.aspx?ID=575〕 Fitting the aristocratic patterns of behavior of the 17th century, and as a sign of pre-eminence,〔http://dspace.uevora.pt/rdpc/bitstream/10174/2189/1/2007_Teod%C3%B3sio%20II%20%28provas%29.pdf〕 Teodósio II, Duke of Braganza had created the ''Colégio dos Santos Reis Magos'' (''College of the Three Wise Kings''), an academy for court musicians, where Rebelo study under Robert Turner (c.1578-1629), an Irish musician who himself had been a student of the Flemish composer Géry de Ghersem, and ''mestre de capela'' of the duke chapel since 1616,〔José Augusto Alegria, ''História da Capela e Colégio dos Santos Reis Magos'', Fundação Calouste Gulbenian, 1983, p.159〕 and possibly under Friar Manuel Cardoso.〔http://ecultura.sapo.pt/DestaqueCulturalDisplay.aspx?ID=575〕 Unlike what is traditionally said, Rebelo didn’t became music teacher of the duke’s heir João, Duke of Barcelos (who was six years older than him), they simply struck up a friendship that was to endure the rest of his life. After the overthrow of the Philippine Dynasty on 1 December 1640, which had ruled Portugal since 1580, João became king of Portugal and the ducal chapel moved from Vila Viçosa to Lisbon. Both brothers moved to the capital in the King’s retinue and in 1641 Marcos became ''mestre da Capela Real'' of the Royal Chapel.〔José Augusto Alegria, ''História da Capela e Colégio dos Santos Reis Magos'', Fundação Calouste Gulbenian, 1983, p.163〕 In 1646 Rebelo was made a nobleman, ''Fidalgo'' ''de juro e herdade'' of the Royal House and knighted with the Order of Christ, a position with significant financial benefits, the Comenda of São Bartolomeu de Rabal, with annual incomes of two hundred thousand ''réis''.〔João de Magalhães Bacelar, ''Memórias Geneológicas'', vol.8, p.850〕 In 1652 Rebelo married Maria de Macedo, daughter of Domingos de Macedo, governor of Monção.〔João de Magalhães Bacelar, ''Memórias Geneológicas'', vol.8, p.850〕 There are three clear evidences to prove king John IV of Portugal friendship and admiration to Rebelo: the dedication of his own musical treatise ''Defensa de la musica moderna'' (''In Defense of modern music''), published anonymously in 1650, a letter to the Portuguese agent in Rome and a paragraph of his last will and testament. In the first case, the king turned the tables on protocol and wrote in the dedication to the treatise: “''To Senhor Ivan Lorenço Rabelo (…). This monograph written in Defense of the Modern Composition and Composers is dedicated to you, (…) having seen the book of your four, five, and six-part masses; the music for ten, twelve, seventeen and twenty voices (…) and if they have not yet been published it is not because they fear the light but because they have not been given to it; but they will appear in due course. God preserve you''”.〔http://conquest.imslp.info/files/imglnks/usimg/8/83/IMSLP255210-PMLP413629-d_joao_iv_defensa.pdf〕 In the case of the letter to the Portuguese agent in Rome, from March 1654, the king write: “''I have prepared some books for the press () a complete series of vesper psalms, and other pieces for different choirs and voices by Juan Lourenço Rabelo (…)''”.〔Paul van Nevel, ''João Lourenço Rebelo and the Portuguese Polyphony of the first half of the seventeenth century'', 1992, p.9〕 In the last case, two days before his death, king John IV of Portugal wrote in is testament (4 November 1656): “''I have ordered the works of João Rebello to be printed in Italy at my expense; I bestow this on him and leaving a dozen books in my library, he must distribute the remainder in Castile, Italy, and other parts as he thinks fit.''”.〔http://ecultura.sapo.pt/DestaqueCulturalDisplay.aspx?ID=575〕 Choosing a Roman printer can be interpreted as a means of bringing pressure to bear on the Papal States, which still had not recognize Portugal's independence from Spain.〔Paul van Nevel, ''João Lourenço Rebelo and the Portuguese Polyphony of the first half of the seventeenth century'', 1992, p.9〕 In 1657 the workshop of Maurizio and Amadeo de Belmonte, in Rome, printed the collection of 33 pieces dated between 1636 and 1653, in the form of seventeen booklets respectively for voice and instrument, under the title ''Joannis Laurentii Rabello Psalmi, tum Vesperarum tum Completarum. Item Magnificat, Lamentationes et Miserere'' ('' Psalms, both of Vespers and of Compline. () also the Magnificat, the Lamentationes and the Miserere by João Lourenço Rebelo''). Only one single copy of this edition had been preserved, thanks to the Italian priest Fortunato Santini (1776-1861), and is now preserved in the library of the Episcopal Seminary of Münster.〔Ignace Bossuyt, ''The Sacred Works of João Lourenço Rebelo: Unique in Portuguese Music'', 2002, p.8〕 A modern transcription have been released in 1982 by Calouste Gulbenkian Foundation ''monumenta'' edition ''Portugaliae Musica''. Also four volumes of the original impression survived in the Biblioteca Nacional de Portugal, from the Jesuit College of ''Santo Antão''.〔http://catalogo.bnportugal.pt/ipac20/ipac.jsp?profile=bn&source=~!bnp&view=subscriptionsummary&uri=full=3100024~!585689~!2&ri=1&aspect=subtab13&menu=search&ipp=20&spp=20&staffonly=&term=lus%C3%83%C2%ADadas&index=.TW&uindex=&aspect=subtab13&menu=search&ri=1〕 João Lourenço Rebelo died at Apelação (Loures) on 16 November 1661. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「João Lourenço Rebelo」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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